What is spinal cancer?
Spinal cancer happens when tumors grow in or around the spinal cord or spine. These tumors may begin in the spine (primary spinal tumors). More commonly, they spread from cancer that starts elsewhere in the body. These are metastatic spinal tumors.1
The spine is made up of bones, nerves and soft tissues. This means even small tumors can cause big problems when they touch the spinal cord or nerves.1
Common symptoms of spinal cancer
Symptoms may vary based on the tumor’s place and size. Common signs include:2
- Back and neck pain or stiffness that may be persistent or worse at night
- Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- Muscle spasms or twitches
- Numbness, tingling or muscle weakness
Diagnosis and testing options
A spinal cancer diagnosis usually starts with a physical exam and a review of your medical history. Imaging tests such as MRI scans, CT scans or X-rays may help find and identify a spinal tumor.3
If a tumor is found, a biopsy may be done. This evaluation helps determine whether it is cancer and what type of cells are involved.3
Your provider may refer you to a neurologist or neurosurgeon. They will give a neurological exam and may order more tests.3
Treatment approaches for spinal cancer
Treatment depends on factors such as the type, size and place of the tumor as well as your overall health. Common options include:2
- Surgery to remove as much of the tumor as safely possible
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
Frequently asked questions
If a tumor is inside the spinal cord, it’s intramedullary. Tumors inside the spinal canal but outside the spinal cord are called intradural-extramedullary. A tumor outside the covering of the spinal cord is extradural.2
Spinal cancer can happen at any age but is more common in adults. People who have had other cancers may be at higher risk of spinal tumors.2
The outlook depends on tumor type, how early it is detected and how it responds to treatment. Treatments are getting better for many people.2
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